Wire size is really a vital factor to consider when you are dealing with 30, 40, and 50 amp breakers. It is to be noted that whatever amp breakers you have let it be 30, 40 or 50 amp breakers, you must consider the ground wire size. Otherwise, there is a possibility of serious consequences that can create a very dangerous situation.
Therefore, in this article, we are going to discuss what size ground wire you will need for 30, 40 and 50 amp breakers. Stick to the last word of this article in order to know the answer.
Ground size for 30, 40, and 50 amp breaker
Well, it is mandatory to take the gauge size based on the amp of the breaker. The ground size for the 30 amp breaker is 9 or 10 gauge. Also, for a 40 amp breaker the maximum ground size you will need is 7 or 8 gauge. Finally, for a maximum 50 amp breaker, the ground size can be 5 or 6 gauge.
Table of Contents
The ground wire size directly depends on the amp of the breaker. Because it is really important that the size of the ground wire needs to be determined based on the amp of the breaker. As the ground wire needs to be big enough in order to hold the full demand of the current so that the amplifier can operate to its full capacity properly.
The size of the ground wire holds more importance because it can ensure more safety while dealing with appliances as well as protects us from possible electric shocks. Mounting ground wires not only saves us from electric shocks but also reduces the chance of the possibility of electric shocks.
The ground wires also save the appliances from short circuits despite being normal copper wire or insulated wires. Mostly in the case of a short circuit, the ground cable provides an extra route for the electrical circuit to travel underground such that it doesn’t threaten anybody around using electricity for work purposes.
Otherwise, the grounding pathway might be completed by your body in the absence of a ground wire, which could result in electrocution. Because of this, grounding is crucial to any kind of electrical wiring and cable operations.
Besides bare copper wire, the most commonly used ground wire is gauge copper wire. The gauged copper comes in different sizes and qualities depending on the demands. However, the size of the ground mostly depends on the amp breaker of the electric circuit. It is to be noted that, in the case of selecting your ground wire, you must keep in mind that the larger the gauge number the smaller the wire to be. Therefore, for the amps like 30, 40 or 50 which are mainly used in residential electric circuits you will need a larger gauge grounding wire. In addition, for the factory or large warehouse electric purposes, you will need small gauge grounding wires.
Below we have discussed the ground size for 30, 40 and 50 amp breakers:
30 amp breaker:
Mostly the 30 amp breaker is used for household electric purposes. Mainly, it is used in the Central Air Conditioning System. Therefore, the ground size for a 30 amp breaker can be 10 AWG or American Wire Gauge.
40 amp breaker:
The 40 amp breaker is mainly used in cooking appliances in households. Most electric kettles, electric rice cookers, electric stoves, or microwaves use the 40 amp breaker. The maximum gauge size you will need for a 40 amp breaker is 8 AWG.
50 amp breaker:
The 50 amp breaker is mostly used in order to power the appliances in the kitchen. Well, on some occasions the kitchen may alone need a 50 amp breaker. The ground size for a 50 amp breaker is 6 AWG.
Minimum ground wire size NEC code
The NEC code for ground wire usually defines that the electrical system needs to be connected with the ground so that any sort of voltage caused by lightning or line cut will be stabilized by transferring the voltage to the ground. The minimum ground wire size according to NEC varies on the material used in the wire. If the wire is made of copper then the minimum ground wire size according to NEC code will be 4/0 which is for 1600 amp. On the other hand, if the wire is made of Aluminum or Copper-Clad then the minimum ground wire size will be 4/0 which is for 1000 amp.
However, after the above-mentioned minimum size, eventually, the size of the wire increases for the increased amp of the breaker. For example, for 6000 amp the minimum size for copper wire is 800 AWG and the minimum size for Aluminum or Copper-Clad is 1250 AWG.
How do you calculate grounding?
Calculating the grounding is a very complicated task which is why you will need to calculate it very carefully. There are mainly two methods included in order to properly calculate grounding. The two methods include calculation of earthing pipe and calculation of ground resistance. Therefore, below we have discussed the simple ways you can calculate the two methods of grounding:
Method of ground pipe calculation:
- The first and foremost step is to find out how many earthing pipe you will be required for grounding.
- The formula to find out is: Number of earthing pipes required = Fault current / Maximum current loose from each pipe.
- Then you have to put the value of fault current and divide with maximum current loose and eventually, you will find out how many pipes you will need for grounding.
Method of calculation of resistance:
- The first step you have to follow is to locate all the perimeter electrodes which you will use as the test electrodes.
- Calculate the probable distance location from grounding.
- You have to make sure that you are using the right machine for measurement.
- Set up the meter for the measurement of fall-of-potential.
- By using the meter you will have the readings of possible three resistances. These three resistances are termed R1, R2 and R3.
- Find the slope variating coefficient by using the specified formula.
- Then you have to interpret the result.
In this way, you will be able to calculate the grounding. However, there are methods of grounding but these two are the easiest methods in order to find resistance and no. of pipes for grounding.
Does the ground wire need to be the same size as the power wire?
Well, the ground wire needs to be the same size as the power wire. However, the size can vary depending on the various factors. You can certainly use the same size ground wire as the power wire for the wiring in the households. But for the grounding in the warehouses or factories, the size can be smaller than the power wire.
Most times, the power wire is much larger than the ground wire, therefore, it needs lower gauges. Also, the power wire generally holds more resistance which is why the diameter of the power wire needs to be bigger which means the gauge needs to be smaller.
Therefore, whenever you are using wire for grounding in households make sure the gauge of the wire needs is the same size as the power wire. Apart from wiring in households, you don’t need to take the same gauge as the power wire for grounding anywhere else. And for the grounding in warehouses or factories, the size of the grounding wire can be different from the power wire. It will be best if you keep one size short for grounding in factories.
Do you have to upsize the ground for voltage drop?
Yes, you have to upsize the ground for voltage drop and the size needs to be well measured. Because the more you will upsize the ground the less voltage there will which will confirm the smooth operation. Also, the reason behind upsizing the ground is that it can carry the load without any hassle.
Also, there are other reasons why you need to upsize the ground. One of the main reasons is that the temperature around the ground can cause damage to the ground. Therefore, you will need to increase the size of the ground. In addition, a number of current carrying conductors can also lead to an increase in the size of the ground.
Due to the above reasons as well as in order to avoid voltage drop, it will be best if you upsize the ground.
Final Thoughts:
The required size for grounding wires depends fully on the amp of the breaker. The greater the amp will be the less the gauge of the grounding will be. For the 30, 40 and 50 amp the gauge will be 10, 8 and 6 AWG. To calculate grounding, you have to follow methods to get the correct dimensions.